为了方便大家的学习，新东方在线雅思网第一时间为大家准备了由宁波新东方陈元骅老师为大家带来的有关2015年7月4日雅思阅读真题(新东方回忆版)的内容，供大家阅读参考!新东方在线雅思网将第一时间为大家发布最新、最全、最专业的雅思报名官网消息和雅思考试机经及解析，供大家参考。

　　新东方名师：2015年7月4日雅思阅读真题回忆

　　宁波新东方 陈元骅

　　Passage 1

　　题材：历史发展类

　　新旧情况：新题

　　题型：填空4+表格4+判断5

　　文章大意：

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　　The origin of cameras

　　The history of the camera can be traced much further back than the introduction of photography. Cameras evolved from the camera obscura, and continued to change through many generations of photographic technology, including daguerreotypes, calotypes, dry plates, film, and digital cameras.

　　Photographic cameras were a development of the camera obscura, a device possibly dating back to the ancient Chinese and ancient Greeks, which uses a pinholeor lens to project an image of the scene outside upside-down onto a viewing surface.

　　An Arab physicist, Ibn al-Haytham, published his Book of Optics in 1021 AD. He created the first pinhole camera after observing how light traveled through a window shutter. Ibn al-Haytham realized that smaller holes would create sharper images. Ibn al-Haytham is also credited with inventing the first camera obscura.

　　On 24 January 1544 mathematician and instrument maker Reiners Gemma Frisius of Leuven University used one to watch a solar eclipse, publishing a diagram of his method in De Radio Astronimica et Geometrico in the following year. In 1558 Giovanni Batista della Porta was the first to recommend the method as an aid to drawing.

　　Before the invention of photographic processes there was no way to preserve the images produced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them. The earliest cameras were room-sized, with space for one or more people inside; these gradually evolved into more and more compact models such as that by Niépce's time portable handheld cameras suitable for photography were readily available. The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography was envisioned by Johann Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before such an application was possible.